如何在Linux驱动中使用原子操作？

在Linux驱动中，原子操作是很常用的工具，可以保证数据安全。一般为了保护数据安全会使用锁机制，不过锁的开销比较大。如果是简单的整数运算，使用原子类型来保证数据安全也是可以的。下面就演示了两个线程对一个原子类型进行自增。

驱动代码

// simple.c

#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>

static int t1 = 1, t2 = 2;
static struct task_struct *kthread_1;
static struct task_struct *kthread_2;
static atomic_t atomic = ATOMIC_INIT(0);

static int _cb(void *data) {
    const int nr = *(int *)data;

    while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
        atomic_inc(&atomic);
        pr_info("thread [%d] counter: %u\n", nr, atomic_read(&atomic));
        msleep(1000);
    }

    return 0;
}

static int __init simple_init(void) {
    pr_info("simple_init\n");

    atomic_set(&atomic, 1);

    kthread_1 = kthread_create(_cb, &t1, "kthread_1");
    if (!kthread_1) {
        pr_err("kthread_create thread1 error\n");
        return -1;
    } else {
        wake_up_process(kthread_1);
    }

    kthread_2 = kthread_run(_cb, &t2, "kthread_2");
    if (!kthread_2) {
        kthread_stop(kthread_1);
        pr_err("kthread_create thread2 error\n");
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

static void __exit simple_exit(void) {
    pr_info("simple_exit\n");

    kthread_stop(kthread_1);
    kthread_stop(kthread_2);
}

module_init(simple_init);
module_exit(simple_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("heng30");
MODULE_VERSION("v0.0.1");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A simple kernel module");

编译脚本

#!/bin/sh

top-dir = $(shell pwd)
kernel-version = $(shell uname -r)
kernel-dir ?= /lib/modules/$(kernel-version)/build

obj-m += simple.o

all:
        make -C $(kernel-dir) modules M=$(top-dir)

clean:
        rm -f *.o *.ko *.mod *.mod.c *.order *.symvers *.dtbo
        make -C $(kernel-dir) clean m=$(top-dir)

测试

• 编译程序：make

• 安装驱动：insmod simple.ko

• 查看输出：dmesg

[ 1277.084415] simple_init
[ 1277.084681] thread [1] counter: 1
[ 1277.084805] thread [2] counter: 2
[ 1278.141272] thread [1] counter: 3
[ 1278.145661] thread [2] counter: 4
...
[ 1293.511084] thread [1] counter: 33
[ 1293.511298] thread [2] counter: 34
[ 1294.528679] thread [2] counter: 35
[ 1294.528700] thread [1] counter: 36
[ 1295.154836] simple_exit

• 移除驱动：rmmod simple.ko